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Compact Disc (CD) Format History
Hardware Informationby CPYW | Team
Compact Disc (CD) format has gone through many format alterations and improvements. From the first time it introduced till now, there are many types of compact disc (CD) format. Here are the lists:
- Red Book
- Yellow Book
- Green Book
- CD ROM XA
- Orange Book Part I and II
- Photo CD
- White Book
- Blue Book
- Orange Book Part III
Red Book
Red book is commonly known as CD-DA, one of four compact disc standards. Red Book got its name from the color of the manual used to describe the CD-Audio specifications. The Red Book audio standard requires that digital audio be sampled at a 44.1 KHz sample rate using 16 bits for each sample. This is the standard used by audio CDs and many CD-ROMs.
CD name in Red Book format is CDDA (Compact Disc Digital Audio). It was introduced in 1980 by Sony and Philips. CDDA is the original audio standard on which all the subsequent CD standards are based.
Yellow Book
Yellow book is the standard used by CD-ROM. Multimedia applications most commonly use the Yellow Book standard, which specifies how digital information is to be stored on the CD-ROM and read by a computer.
CD name in Yellow Book format is CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory). It was introduced in 1983 by Sony and Philips. CD-ROM specifies additional EEC and EDC for data in several sector formats, including Mode 1 and Mode 2.
Green Book
Green book is the standard for Compact Disc-Interactive (CD-I). Philips developed CD-I technology for the consumer market to be connected to a television instead of a computer monitor. CD-I discs require special code and are not compatible with standard CD-ROMs. A CD-ROM can't be played on the CD-I machine, but Red Book audio can be played on it.
CD name in Green Book format is CD-I (Compact Disc interactive). It was introduced in 1986 by Philips and Sony. CD-I specifies and interactive audio/video standard for non-PC dedicated player hardware and interactive presentation. It also defines Mode 2, Form 1 and Mode 2, Form 2 sector formats, with interleaved MPEG-1 video and ADPCM audio.
CD-ROM XA
The XA standard was developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft in 1988 and is now part of the Yellow Book standard. XA is a built-in feature of newer CD-ROM drives and supports simultaneous sound playback with data transfer. Non-XA drives support either sound playback or data transfer, but not both simultaneously. XA also enables data compression right on the disk, which also can increase data transfer rates.
Extended architecture (XA) is currently an extension of the Yellow Book that enables the combination of various data types (audio and video, for example) onto one track in a CD-ROM. Without XA, a CD-ROM can access only one data type at a time. Many CD-ROM drives are now XA capable.
CD name in CD-ROM XA format is also CD-ROM XA (compact disc-read-only memory extended architecture). It was introduced in 1989 by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft. CD-ROM XA combines Yellow Book and CD-I to bring CD-I audio and video capabilities to PCs.
Orange Book (Part I and II)
CD name in Orange Book format (Part I and II) is CD-MO (Compact Disc Magneto Optical) and CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable).
CD-R discs are compact discs that can be recorded and read as many times as desired. CD-R is part of the Orange Book standard defined by ISO. CD-R technology is used for mass production of multimedia applications. CD-R discs can be compatible with CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, and CD audio. Orange Book specifies multisession capabilities, which enable data recording on the disc at various times in several recording sessions. Multisession capability enables data such as digital photos, digital music, or other types of data files to be added to a single disc on different occasions. The original capacity of CD-R media was 650MB (74 minutes), but most recent CD-ROM and compatible optical drives support the larger 700MB (80-minute) media.
MO drives use both magnetic and optical storage properties. MO technology is erasable and recordable, as opposed to CD-ROM (read-only) and WORM (write-once) drives. MO uses laser and magnetic field technology to record and erase data.
It was introduced in 1989 by Sony and Philips. Orange book defines single session, multisession, and packet writing on recordable discs. CD-MO was withdrawn not so long after it released.
Photo-CD
Photo CD is a technology developed by Eastman Kodak and Philips that stores photographic images on a CD-R recordable compact disc. Images stored on the Photo CD can have resolutions as high as 2,048x3,072 pixels. Up to 100 true-color images (24-bit color) can be stored on one disc. Photo CD images are created by scanning film and digitally recording the images on compact discs. The digitized images are indexed (given a 4-digit code), and thumbnails of each image on the disc are shown on the front of the case along with its index number. Multisession capability enables several rolls of film to be added to a single disc on different occasions.
CD name of Photo-CD is CD-P. It was introduced in 1990 by Kodak and Philips. Photo-CD combines CD-ROM XA with CD-R multisession capability in a standard for photo storage on CD-R discs.
White Book
White book is a standard specification developed by Philips and JVC in 1993 for storing MPEG standard video on CDs. An extension of the Red Book standard for digital audio, Yellow Book standard for CD-ROM, Green Book standard for CD-I, and Orange Book standard for CD write-once.
CD name of White Book is Video Compact Disc (VCD). It was introduced in 1993 by Philips, JVC, Matsushita, and Sony. Video CD is based on CD-i and CD-ROM XA. VCD can stores up to 74 minutes of MPEG-1 video and ADPCM digital audio data.
Blue Book
Blue Book is the standard for enhanced CDs (CD-E). CD-E media contains both music (for play on standard CD players) and computer content. Blue book was developed by Philips and Sony in 1995.
CD name of Blue Book is CD EXTRA. CD EXTRA's former name is CD-Plus. It was introduced in 1995 by Philips and Sony. CD EXTRA have multisession format for stamped discs; CD EXTRA is usually used by musical artists to incorporate videos, liner notes, and other information on audio CDs.
Orange Book (Part III)
This is an enhancement of previous Orange Book format (Part I and II). CD name of Orange Book format (Part III) is CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewriteable). It was introduced in 1996 by Philips and Sony.
CD-RW is a type of rewritable CD-ROM technology defined in Part III of the Orange Book standard that uses a different type of disc, which the drive can rewrite at least 1,000 times. CD-RW drives also can be used to write CD-R discs, and they can read CD-ROMs. CD-RWs have a lower reflectivity than standard CD-ROMs, and CD-ROM drives must be of the newer multi read variety to read them. CD-RW was initially known as CD-E (for CD-erasable).
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Compact Disc (CD) Format History
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